Diploma of management Free Essays

â€Å"Smart† Goals Kebab’s R Us is a company always striving to improve and gain a higher and greater market share. With our dedicated staff we were able to achieve all our major goals that were set out last year. These goals were to increase the number of kebabs sold throughout all caravans, to update 20% of caravans by replacing it with a new caravan and brand new catering equipment that was more efficient, to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions, to create a ‘mini sub kebab’ that could be catered for functions, to improve profits from $1 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Diploma of management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Million to $12 million in the financial year ending 2014, to place leadership programs in place to help employees to be trained to become caravan managers and to stay injury free. Results over the last year have been quite positive, meeting all target goals have been a credit to all staff. Hard work and dedication had paid off once the yearly report came in which backed it up with evident numbers. Falling Just short of the profit margin at $1 1. 9 million is still a satisfactory result. These achieved goals are a credit to all staff and also to the senior management team for applying the S. M. A. R. T goals principle to reach each. The teeters of SMART each represent a meaning these are; S- Specific M- Measurable A- Accountable R- Realistic T- Time Bound Major goals for next year will be similar in terms of growth and profit. Important objectives of not losing any customers, providing kebabs of the highest quality possible, to reach those customers or to cater for a wider community. To update a further 20% of caravans by replacing it with a new caravan and brand new equipment that will be more efficient lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Improving turnover to $40 million from last year’s $38. Million whilst also improving profits to $13 million. To introduce a commission scheme of selling a min of 250 kebabs a day to caravan operators which would result in bonuses and to promote those already trained personal into the 20 caravans that’s planned to hit the roads. Further improvement training to all personal of customer service which is federal government funded. Hiring 40 new staff to fill into the new caravan positions that are going to be opening, surveying customers to help us improve our service and also to yet again remaining injury free. Having similar target goals from last year ensures a greater chance to achieve these goals through the usage of SMART. Major goal NO. I Specific – Update a further 20% of vehicles including company cars and caravans from the start of the new financial year in 1/7/14-30/6/15. To achieve this goal Kebab’s R Us will use clearly defined processes and guidelines that were also used from the previous year to achieve the same goal. Location of vehicles that are being upgraded is the Queensland region. Requirements of this goal are enforced by government legislation and also to have a better looking image. Measurable- This goal is measurable as we need to have 20 vehicles updated in one year. Every quarter the aim is to have 5 vehicles upgraded. A project manager with a team is in hare of this changeover and upgrade in which they closely monitor it. Every quarterly the project manager attends a senior management meeting to discuss progress. Accountable- Everyone working in the changeover and management team is all liable to work in conjunction with each to achieve this goal. Realistic- The same goal was set out last year and it was achieved so it makes it a realistic proposition this year. Time Bound- The time frame for this goal will start from the 1/7/14-30/6/15, in this timeshare 20 vehicles must be updated to accomplish this goal. Major goal NO. 2 Specific- Improving turnover to $40 million from last year’s $38. Million in the financial year starting on 1/7/14 till the end of that financial year in 30/6/15. To achieve this goal Kebab’s R Us will use clearly defined processes and guidelines which will set the foundation to hit the ground running with changes in certain areas which will help the growth of the company. Located nationwide this goal is every employees aim. Requirement for this goal is to improve our market share and our share prices. Measurable- This goal is measurable as the company needs to grow by only $1. 9 million in the next financial year. The lowly some is still good considering a few years back of poor results. The finance team along with senior management is responsible to monitor and innovate new ways of increasing funds. Every month a meeting will be held to monitor and discuss changes to this goal. Accountable- The recruiting team regional managers which is led by the HRS officer. Realistic- This goal is realistic as new caravans rolling out every quarter new positions will open up therefore creating the chance to hire 10 new casuals every quarter to achieve this goal. Time Bound-The time frame for this goal will start from the 117/14-30/6115. The first intake of 10 new employees is expected on the 1/10/14 followed by the next quarter at 1/111 5 in conjunction of the new caravans becoming available. How to cite Diploma of management, Papers

Business Process Model of Bakery Case Study

Question: Discuss the factors you have identified and expalin why they are more reliable then the cliches in the original article. Answer: 1. business process of b bakery B Bakery is a bakery company that sells products to supermarkets and different pub chains. They have mixed customer base with some prominent businesses as their customer. They produces bakery products and supplies those to another businesses, shops etc. A bakery business needs has some production unit, supply chain management, sales, marketing, accounts, finance and HR management process. The supply chain management will take care of buying raw material from other businesses, like poultry farm, fruit shop, flour supplier etc. Then the production using will produce bakery product. Then the inventory and logistics management will need to store those products and delivery the orders to different shops, pubs etc. Accounts will manage the accounting activities, payment to suppliers, payment from customers, payroll management of the staffs etc. The HR management will take care of the hiring, payroll etc. of the staffs. Finally sales will take order and sells the products by exploring prospective markets. Marketing will takes care of promotion of the business. Each of the business processes are dependent on each other. If one process is affected it will hamper the whole business process. For example, if there is problem with supply product ion will be affected, and that will affect sales, finally accounts. In the same way, if the business losses some accounts, then the business will have less sales, HR management will suffer. Thus for running a bakery, it needs to take care of each business processes, the resources like baking equipment, bakers, chefs etc. B. Bakery will follow something similar to what a typical baker does. 2. Business Requirements Each process of a bakery business, as discussed in the previous section, are important and indispensable. However the core business processes are, SCM, production, HRM and accounts. But, accounts is the most important for any business as it works like fuel to the whole business process. The business of B bakery has got significant growth in last few years. However, currently it is facing some difficulties with accounts. They have dedicated accountant team with accounting experts who takes care of the bookkeeping etc. for the business. But the accounts cannot help in competitive decision making activities. As a result the company has lost some of its important accounts by failing to offer products at competitive price. Now, it has realized that the business needs more information for running it smoothly in coming years. These information are likely to come from their business processes and market research. Based on these information the company will be able to make strategic decisions and that will help them to bring their business to next level of success. (John Wiley Sons, 2012) The business wants to have an accounting information system for its business. They want to invest in some available accounting software for that purpose. Thus the business requirements for B Bakery are, Enhancing their accounts. Integrating all business processes and accounting system for better decision making. Investing in some available accounting software and customizing it according to their business process. Implementation of ERP and AIS for their business. ERP will help in integrating the business processes and will provide a better platform for AIS or accounting Information System. The bakery business needs several key outputs from its core business processes to achieve better performance of their business in market. The first thing needs from the business processes are information. All transactional and operational information are required for processing and decision making. Accounting is a process in a business that is connected to all other business process. So, for getting more information from the accounts process, it will need information from all business processes that are present in the business. It will take information like payable to suppliers, stock in inventory, amount of sales, possible margins, cost of raw materials, costing, labor charge etc. All these are important to setting competitive price of some product. Other information are needed from the business processes are the payrolls of the staffs of the company etc. For acquiring these information from the business processes, it will need an integration of the business processes and the systems used for the business processes. Better integration will provide better compatibility and faster business process. Ultimately that will help in earning more revenue. The AIS implemented over the ERP or integrated to the ERP implementation will provide a structure to the business that will help the business to collect, process, manage, store and retrieve financial and accounts information by business analysts, managers, accountants, tax consultants, auditors etc. On the other hand ERP will integrate the functions and processes of the business. The integration of ERP and AIS will bring more valuable information from the business information. AIS will provide business forecasting information by analyzing historical information. (Romney Steinbart, 2014) 3. System Requirements The firm will need ERP and AIS implementation for their business. Both of the implementation are necessary for achieving the business objectives of the company. The ERP software will integrate all business processes and there will be a shared and central database for all business processes. The central database will be also available to the AIS process. Thus the AIS software will have access to information from the entire business process and the processing will be better and more accurate. (Gelinas Dull, 2008) Any AIS provides three fundamental functions to the business process. Those are, 1. An effective and efficient data processing using the data acquired from different transactions by the company. For that function it will need to capture all those transaction sources, documentation etc. All these transactions should be recorded to journals. A journal chronologically records each transactional event related to the company. Then it will need to transfer data from journal to ledgers. In ledger, it will sort data based on different accounts. 2. The AIS software will help the management in decision making by providing information from the databases and analysis. There are mainly two categories of information to be shared with management, managerial reports and financial statements. 3. The AIS software will provide all required internal control for ensuring the reliability of the information being produced by the software, for ensuring the efficiency of the business activities and accordance to the objectives of management. There are various sub systems of any AIS software. Those are, financial cycle, expenditure cycle, HR, revenue cycle, production cycles and general ledger and reporting cycle. 4. Selection of Software B Bakery is a family owned firm based business. It has near about 70 employees. The business has generated revenue more than $13.5 million in the last year. Thus the company can be categorized as medium to large scale company. So, it will need some suitable solution for their business. (Simkin, et al., 2014) Based on the industry research, there are three classes of accounting information system software for businesses based on the size of the business. Those are, 4.1 Entry level solutions The entry level accounting software are suitable for small businesses and home based businesses with one to five members. The software from this class is capable of delivering basic financial accounting functionalities, review, reporting etc. AIS like QuickBooks, SAGE 50 US Edition, XERO, FreshBooks, and Wave etc. are the examples of AIS software belonging from this class. 4.2 Small to Medium scale Business Solutions This class of AIS software are suitable for small and medium scale businesses with five to 100 active users. The software are able to support more functionalities than the previous class. There will be high demanding transactional information support for reporting etc. The software are highly scalable and the associated database will be robust. Some examples are SAGE 100 ERP, EXACT Max, QuickBook enterprise, CYMA, Microsoft Dynamics (GP, NAV, SP), SAP By Design etc. 4.3 Enterprise Accounting Software This class of AIS software are suitable for organizations having more than 100 active users. These systems has robust feature sets and extended functionalities. The Examples of such software are, SAP, Oracle, SAGE ERP X3 etc. Based on the business requirements and organizational details of B Bakery, the recommendation is for selecting a good SMB solutions. 5. Selection of Vendor Among the SMB accounting system solution providers, the prominent vendors are SAGE 100 ERP, Microsoft Dynamics (GP, NAV, SP), SAP By Design etc. Here is a discussion of these three systems along with available variations. 5.1 SAGE 100 ERP SAGE 100 ERP has different variation of AIS software for SMBs. Those are SAGE 100 Advanced ERP, SAGE 100 Standard ERP etc. It can support almost 50 active users at a time for diverse range of accounting and financial activities, business intelligence, HR, web services, manufacturing and distribution, CRM services. The solutions are highly customizable based on different business processes. The software are highly modularized, stable and flexible. It supports for recording unlimited historical budgets, creation of various financial reports from available templates, creation of BOM or Bill of Materials. (SAGE, 2014) It needs Microsoft Windows environment and Microsoft SQL based backend database. It can be implemented based on client server or online platform. There are wizard based support for setting up and using the software. There is a seamless integration among the modules of the software. It is easy to use and easily understandable. There are robust features that will help to maximize the ROI of the business. The software provides easy to build reports and presentation also. The Business intelligence module will help in better decision making. Users can add user defined fields, business rules etc. for performing specific tasks. However, customization like these are expensive and sometimes need up gradation. Personalization of workflows based on different users is also possible. 5.2 Microsoft Dynamics Microsoft Dynamics also has variations of AIS software available for SMBs like B. Bakery. The variations are Microsoft Dynamics NAV, GP, SL etc. Among these Variations Microsoft Dynamics GP is a general accounting software that offers functionalities for controlling resources, finance, decision making, HR etc. The ERP based AIS software is easy to deploy and use. The interface is similar to Microsoft Office. There are special support for tax and regulatory, online training etc. Microsoft Dynamics SL is another variation of Microsoft Dynamics and this is an AIS software suitable for medium scale businesses. The specialty of this software is, it is suitable for project focused accounting. Construction businesses, Government contracting etc. are suitable for this. Microsoft Dynamics NAV is a general purpose AIS software for any kind of medium sized business. It provides total control over the core business process like supply chain management, HRM, financial management, business intelligence, reporting etc. (Microsoft , 2015) 5.3 SAP Business ByDesign SAP Business ByDesign is a general accounting solutions for small to medium scale businesses. This is mostly suitable for SMBs that are looking for SaaS based cloud accounting solution. It gives a robust set of professional services along with integrated process for finance, CRM etc. The companies belonging to light manufacturing industry is also suitable for implementation of this system. (SAP, 2015)The advantages of this software are, The software is highly scalable. Addition of new users and increase the amounts of transaction is possible. There are support for international account and financial transaction support. Multi-currency and multi-language support. The cost of ownership is reduces. Management of the resources across the organization is more controlled and efficient. Cloud based solution and does not require any hardware infrastructure to be implemented. There is built is disaster recovery system. Enhanced support for security. 6 Recommendation B Bakery wants an AIS software to invest on. They want the software to work on an integrated platform connecting all of their business processes, capable of analysis more business operational and transactional data to the decision making process. The recommendation is to use SAGE 100 ERP accounting software for their business. There are numerous advantages of using the same in their business process. The reasoning behind the recommendation are, A connected and integrated platform for different parts of the business will be available through the software. Vendors, customers and in house users can connect to the same system through BYOD devices using phones and web interface. Managing CRM, sales etc. can be done from this integrated platform seamlessly. (SAGE, 2014) Transformation of raw business data into meaningful information will add advantages to the business process. There are special kind of dashboards in the software that will provide easy access to the business intelligence functions. These information from business intelligence analysis will help to discover potential customer, products, demands in market etc. These information will help to create competitive strategy. Historic data, inventory data management, safety stock control etc. are also possible. As the analysis helps in understanding potential customers, understanding customers requirements thus customer relationship management will be easier and better. There is an integrated CRM module with SAGE 100 ERP. It works like a CRM sales tracker. It helps in improving product stability, usability, manitance, integration, reporting etc. Collaboration with social media helps in delivering better CRM experience. The CRM collaboration module offers facilities like exchange of knowledge among user. These functionalities will not only help in delivering better customer relationship services, rather it will also help in building better workforce, more collaboration among the users and staffs in the organization. Organization culture will be improved along with performance of the business process. The billing and payment module of the software will help to in invoicing, quick payment etc. The expense for invoicing will be reduced, DSO or Days Sales Outstanding will be reduced, redundant data entries will be reduced, and time required for invoicing will be reduced. Tedious process of billing and invoicing will be automated and will take lesser effort. As a result, the time consumed in the process will be saved and utilized in other business processes. That may accelerate the performance and growth of the business. Mobile commerce is becoming a trend very rapidly. It is likely to grow in coming years. Businesses are interested and moving towards it. There is dedicated mobile sales module in the SAGE ERP 100 software that helps the managers in order processing, payment collection etc. These information can be added to the actual ERP system anytime. The company will be able to earn more revenue and benefits if they utilize the powers of the accounting software. Receiving ROI or Return on Investment will be faster and improved. Getting order and discovering potential customer will help in expansion of the customer base. Expansion of customer base means there will be more business and scopes for earning more revenues. Management and fulfillment of orders will be more organized and efficient. There are several value added services available in the software. The business can simply add it to their AIS implementation and stat receiving advantages of those. Overall the business process will be integrated, simplified, robust, efficient and scalable. 7 References Gelinas, U. J. Dull, R. B., 2008. Accounting Information Systems. s.l.:Thomson/South-Western. John Wiley Sons, 2012. Accounting Information Systems: Understanding Business Processes. 4th ed. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. Microsoft , 2015. Microsoft Dynamics. [Online] Romney, M. B. Steinbart, P. J., 2014. Accounting Information Systems. s.l.:Pearson . SAGE, 2014. Sage 100 ERP, s.l.: SAGE.SAP, 2015. SAP Business ByDesign. [Online] Simkin, M. G., Norman, C. S. Rose, J. M., 2014. Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems. s.l.:John Wiley Sons.

Teacher Cadet free essay sample

Ever since I was younger, I possessed unique individual qualities. I was always the girl in class who always reminded the teacher about homework, the one who never missed an assignment, and the one who always made the honor roll. In fact, I never settled for mediocre because I knew one day it will pay off. Throughout my educational career, I’ve learned that being yourself is the key to becoming successful. The world is filled with people attempting to duplicate someone which is why I’ve always pushed myself to be unique. I devote much time in expressing my individual capabilities. Whether it’s singing on the choir or going more in depth into my spirituality; I always leave room for me. I am a firm believer in devoting my time to my individualism. When a person knows there inner-self and can come to turns with their problems, it shows a high level of maturity. We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher Cadet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For me, learning is the foundation for education. And without education there is just nothing to rely on. There is not a day that passes that I do not learn something new. Surrounding myself around a diverse group of people has a lot to do with as well. Over the past years, I have learned to value my diversity and how it affects my everyday life. For example, since enrolling in Teacher Cadet, I have learned so much about myself and peers that I probably would have never known until now. I’ve also learned priceless values that helped shape me into the person I am today. In most cases, we do not consider that learning is necessary to move forward in life. Honestly, learning is my passion as a young adult. There is so much in the world that I am not aware of. So when someone enlightens me on unfamiliar topics, I immediately become intrigued and interested. In actuality, I enjoy learning new things from leaders and teachers who want to see me succeed in life. Leadership is attained by mutual cooperation between multiple parties. Usually, people who follow need inspiration so they will be able to eventually model the person’s behavior. Leading is not an easy task. It takes much patience, diligence and effort to fully lead a crowd of people. Throughout my day, I take the challenge as being the leader in many different things. For one, I am a squad leader in JROTC. That is a huge responsibility when you are in control of a lot of individuals. I believe responsibility and leadership are closely related because you cannot have one without the other. In my short career, I have accomplished many things. I’ve been nominated for national society of high school scholars and received an invitation to the  People to People. Leadership Symposium. Without perseverance, I would not have been able to accomplish these things. I always strive to be the best and to the best. I love going the extra mile in everything I do. Many people do not enjoy volunteering in the community. Well, I love to volunteer my quality time to organizations in need. Being JROTC has sculpted me into a volunteer worker that actually enjoy helping people. You will be surprised the amount of help many organizations request. On many occasions, I’ve volunteered at the Crisis Ministry of Charlotte. Assisting with folding, unpacking and stocking shelves were some of the few things I did. It was an amazing experience. I met a lot of people who were welcoming and assisted me with anything I needed. Ultimately, I enjoy being myself. It’s what I do best. My success is not measured on how perfect I am but what I obtain in life. Although, I fall short of my goals every day, I still manage to keep going. There’s nothing worse than a person giving up on something they really want. When I decide to give up, there’s always that voice in the back of my head that says â€Å"Tytiana, Keep on keeping on.† And of course I have no choice but to listen. Being a leader and a learner has changed my entire outlook and attitude toward life.

Double Edge Sword essays

Double Edge Sword essays After the civil war, we had thousands upon thousands of people looking for the "American Dream", and Horace Greeley, who stated the famous words "Go west young man", helped to start the great migration westward. There was plenty of cheap land west of the Mississippi, and gold was foud in the West, just waiting for those who could get there. The migration ultimately interfered with the Native Americans, which changed their way of life forever. Many poor souls tried to make it in the west at raising cattle, farming, and mining, but failed. Ther was also those who made it big with new inventions, hard work and lots of luck. The Native Americans were living on a valuable asset called land, and the government was looking to expand their territoty to the west. However, the U.S. had to do something with the Native Americans, so they strated to create reservation in hope to avoid land wars between the Native Americans and the new settlers. Tribes were congregated on small reservations; each tribes had their own culture and this caused friction among each other. Not to mention, there was already conflicts going on with their government caregivers. Futhermore, there were church-run boarding schools, which took the children away from theirr parents, so they could learnn the White man's way of life and that only added to their stress. Ultimately, many of the Native Americans died due to battles, disease, and the mistreatment on the reservations. For example, the Sand Creek massacre where 450 peaceful Indains were slaughtered. For those who survived, their lives changed forever. In the name of progress, we took their land and shattered their culture by trying to bring them into American's way of life. The farmers, who migrated westward, found themsevles in a strange land it was nothing that they were used to. The land was flat, dry praisie grass, and for the most part treeless. They had to learn how to biuld sod homes, and use buf...

Compose a report on management performance characteristics Essay - 1

Compose a report on management performance characteristics - Essay Example The author analyzed personal traits crucial in the workplace such as effective listening and communication skills, as well as, work as a team in order to accomplish organizational goals effectively. The author revealed significant strategies for developing work place effectiveness such as managing emotions and developing emotion competences. Lastly, the conclusion provided a brief summary of the study report. The recent economic recession has led to tremendous disruption in the global business; thus enabling many companies to employ effective management skills. Managers across the globe are nowadays trying to employ effective strategies and leadership styles that can enable them to achieve successful business performance. The research studies have made varied attempts of revealing relevant management practices and effective factors, which have a positive relation with organizational performance. They have made an attempt of revealing the management theory and the way this theory have been applied in varied companies to create organizational change. Managers exploit unique management performance characteristics in order improve organizational performance; thus enabling the company to achieve a competitive advantage. Thus, the report offer an analysis of effective management performance characteristics one can employ in order to improve organizational performance. The previous research on workplace management performance and practices has attempted to examine the effect of personality traits and work performance aspects. Barrick, Mount and Li (132) examine the core principle of personality trait theory and the purposeful goals it play in an organizational performance. The authors further argue that when the motivational forces are linked with job characteristics, individuals improve work performance. Personality traits plays significant roles in an organizational

Management Control System at a Publicly Listed Company Assignment

Management Control System at a Publicly Listed Company - Assignment Example So the objective of the study would be to assess the management control system of Vodafone. It is also important to assess the strategic management model to interpret the winning formula of Vodafone not only as a company but also as a brand name. A company is a place where a group of employees work together for common goals and to receive compensation in return for the service that they are providing to the company. The company is run by a group of top level managers and they divide the departments, units and groups under them to carry out the decisions and objectives that they plan for the company. The process of management control simply ensures that the strategies implemented and the goals set by the top management of the company is moving in the right direction and the human resource of the company are perfectly allocated for performing these activities are carefully carrying out their task (Anthony and Govindarajan 51-53).   The management control system involves communication of guidelines, decisions and the objectives of the company or the organization. Similarly strategic management planning also involves communicating similar functionalities as management control. But in a much similar way, strategic planning is a part of the management control process. Strategic planning is basically applied economics but management control is applied psychology. Both of these functions involve the top level management. It is a very important strategy that is often followed in companies practicing decentralized model. It is a well known fact that in order to survive in the global market, the company should possess competitive advantage over its competitors. Competitive advantage of the company involves two vital issues such as the cost structure and special features of the firm to differentiate with its competitors. Companies always try to increase their value chain in order to have an edge over

Analysis of Sequential Lesson Plans Dissertation

Analysis of Sequential Lesson Plans - Dissertation Example ed within the classroom due to constraints of time and space, the teacher can present guidelines to students encouraging independent study, by setting take-home projects or library assignments in such a manner that the student can work individually. In this manner, classroom space is optimized so that the teacher can regulate and direct work done outside the classroom. 3. Compacting is a process which allows students "to demonstrate proficiency in curriculum outcomes, units or courses and progress to more appropriate/challenging instruction." (Bosch 2001). It is a system of evaluation which takes into account students' various skills and learning abilities, which "reduces redundancy and allows for advanced programming" (Bosch 2001). The analogy of computer programming is used in the understanding of classroom strategy and curriculum development to demonstrate that differentiation procedures have a well-defined goal and flowchart to direct the process of imparting learning. The process of differentiation may be differentiated from the federal government's initiation of the No Child Left Behind program, which is designed to ensure that the learning needs of every student are met during the process of pedagogical instruction. In his Foreword to the federal document profiling the designs and outcomes of the program, President Bush has said: The quality of our public schools directly affects us all - as parents, as students, and as citizens. Yet too many children in America are segregated by low expectations, illiteracy, and self-doubt. In a constantly changing world that is demanding increasingly complex skills from its workforce, children are literally being left behind. (Bush 2001) Thus President Bush links the process of classroom instruction directly to the overall... As the discussion declares a differentiated classroom is one in which the teacher focuses on optimizing the efficiency of each student’s strengths, thereby prioritizing different learning skills with each student, depending on his or her individual requirements. Bosch has observed that â€Å"in a differentiated classroom, teachers differentiate content, process and product according to a student's readiness, interest and learning profile.† Learning profiles are therefore constructed for each student on the basis of his or her individual needs, and the student’s readiness to learn and interest in the learning process are also factored in to the development of the curriculum, thus ensuring that the learning process is made holistic. According to the report findings one of the most seminal contributors to the filed of curriculum and classroom differentiation had been Carol Ann Tomlinson. She writes: â€Å"squeezing students into a one-size-fits-all curriculum has left many behind. By differentiating your instruction, you can meet the needs of every child. She implies, therefore, that the curriculums that do not differentiate among learning levels create a constricting mould that propagates a â€Å"one-size-fits-all† design for the curriculum, which causes many students to be left behind in the process of education. Cooper presents an invigorating account of a practical lesson he had with a class, and interprets the practical aspects of differentiation in terms of Tomlinson’s principles.